Treatment for Peri-Implant Diseases

Treatment for Peri-Implant Diseases Abstract Introduction: One of the substantial changes in dentistry is the development of implant science. Along with the development of applications, implant science practitioners will face an inevitable challenge which is how to deal with such problems. Recent conducted researches are more concentrated on surgical and prosthetic techniques, while the treatment for peri-implant diseases is still incomplete. Therefore, the aim of this review research is to provide a broad and descriptive overview on peri-implant diseases and to suggest the related treatments. Materials and Methods: Scientific articles were collected by electronic searching through EMBASE and Medline and since controlled clinical trials were limited in this field, no limitation was imposed on the evaluated articles. Moreover, review articles and meta-analysis were used. Results: For implants that bone resorption has affected less than 50% of the implant length, the evaluation is thoroughly recommended. Regarding cases with a range of less than 2mm, the treatment plan will be more inclined towards non-surgical methods and should be treated by Peri-implant mucositis. If the bone resorption is more than 2mm, surgical methods are proved to be more effective and in the cases which has extended more than 50% of the implant length, it is better to remove the implant. Conclusion: By increasing the range of annual dental implant, peri-implant diseases have become a serious challenge in this field. The proposed treatment plan will be a manual for dentists regarding on how to deal with implant problems; although further researches are required to approve the proposed protocols. Keywords: dental implant, disease, peri-implant inflammation. Introduction The success of an implant treatment is approved through various studies (1-4); however, further evaluation is needed on how to treat peri-implant diseases. One of the confirmed causes of dental implant failure is bacterial plaque along with extensive loading (5). Peri-implant diseases include non-specific inflammatory reactions that occur in host tissues (6-9); while the cases of inflammation in soft tissues are known as peri-implant mucositis, which is often considered a reversible reaction. Clinical characteristics of peri-implant mucositis include bleeding when being probed, peri-implant colitis, increase in probe depth (often as false pocket), or erythema and redness of the implant that surrounds tissues (10). It must be noted that symptoms are not necessarily limited to these cases. Moreover, when the inflammatory lesion strikes the bone, it is called peri-implant (11). Peri-implant is an irreversible process and bone resorption in radiography, bleeding, pus discharge during probe, increased pocket depth, ache, or fistula are among its characteristics (12). A loose implant is considered as a â€Å"failed implant† (12); while a â€Å"failing implant† is usually a progressive bone resorption with no looseness. It is a matter of the utmost importance to pay attention to practical differences of these two expressions. Dental implants may fail in various phases: Early failing: Occurs when the absence of initial osseointegeration is due to the inability of reaching the primary bone to implant contact. Factors that can be suggested in this case include early loading, surgical trauma, or incomplete/inappropriate healing response (such as patients with immune suppression, AIDS) (13, 14). Late failure: Happens after the initial integration of physiologic remodeling and loading. Bacterial infection and excessive loading are among the main factors in late failure (15). Failure due to the first year of loading is not prevalent (16). Ailing implant, also defined as peri-implant biological problems, is referred to the limited diseases of peri-implant’s soft tissue that do not affect the supporting bone tissues. On the other hand, loosing non-progressive connections and no looseness are its characteristics (17, 18). Peri-implant inflammatory processes are roughly similar to what happens around the tooth, except in the cases that peri-implant infections are initially less resistant to destruction due to the existence of periodontal ligament (19, 20). In other words, unlike the presence of fibers that are vertically placed around the tooth, peri-implant fibers are mostly parallel because of the absence of cementum. Moreover, the blood supply in peri-implant has been reduced in comparison with tooth (20). The aim of the present review article is to evaluate the causes of peri-implant diseases and its related treatment approaches. Materials and Methods: By electronic searching through EMBASE and Medline, the scientific articles were collected and since controlled clinical trials were limited in this field, no limitation has been imposed on the evaluated articles. Moreover, review articles and meta-analysis were used. Words like Mucositis peri-implant, treatment, peri-implantitis, and implant complications were used while searching for articles. Results: The prevalence of peri-implant diseases was often suggested by retrospective studies (21-23). Frasson et al. (24) indicated that more than 90 percent of peri-implant tissues have some inflammatory response. They have also reported 28% prevalence regarding the mentioned diseases. Roos-Jonsaker et al. (21) stated the prevalence of peri-implant mucositis as 48%, whereas 6.6% of implants have had the peri-implant. Generally, defining the prevalence of peri-implant diseases is slightly difficult due to the application of various protocols, different follow up periods, various implant systems, designs, and practical diameters. On the other hand, related information on implant placement area in terms of bone width and height or its position in mouth cavity is not fixed in various studies. It is said that, the primary cause of inflammation in peri-implant tissues is the resultant infection of anaerobic bacteria (25, 26). Initial evolution of periodontal pathogens in the biofilm of implant levels is reported in edentulous people (27) and it is similar to what has been identified in tooth (28-31). Periodontal pathogens could be colonized in implant level 14 days after mouth cavity exposition and a complicated sub-gingival microbial biomass will shape within 28 days after the implant exposition (32). Sato et al. (33) has clearly shown the presence of most periodontal pathogens in bone resorption cases compared with peri-implant mucositis. Peri- implant inflammation could lead to bone resorption and if it is not managed properly, it could cause implant loss. Furthermore, they illustrated in several cases that the existence of more than 5mm remnant pockets after the treatment of active periodontal disease can increase peri-implant and implant loss (34). This issue underline s the significance of accurate diagnosis in the initial phases of the disease and the necessity of appropriate and timely intervention. Managing and treating peri-implant diseases Controlling peri-implant diseases is a difficult and unpredictable process. One of the most important factors in their treatment is to evaluate implant looseness. The implant must be removed immediately if it comes loose during clinical check, after examining the possibility of abutment screw or prosthesis looseness (15, 18). This type of decision-making is in line with Pisa implant health test criterion, in which three groups are introduced as implants status (compromised success, failure, and satisfactory) (12). In this classification, failure is considered as a loose implant. Generally, looseness of the implant is the indicator of weakened BIC; therefore, a dentist must consider the situation as a criterion and instruction for deciding to whether keep the implant or not. Treating peri-implant mucositis When the implant is not loose, the next step is to identify the presence or range of bone resorption. If no resorption was detected, the diagnosis of peri-implant mucositis is highly probable, which is called Ailing implant (18). On the other hand, if the bone resorption has occurred, we would be facing a peri-implant, known as failing implant. Peri-implant diseases, including peri-implant mucositis, are infectious illnesses caused by Gram-negative pathogens in periodontal (35-37). Similar to the natural tooth, preventing the growth of biofilm and removing it from the implant must be the first phase in preserving the health of peri-implant soft tissue. Hence, treatment methods for peri-implant mucositis has nonsurgical basis and initially consist of mucosa and submucosa scaling. Synthetic treatments, including mechanical debridement and the application of non-microbial factors (such as chlorhexidineand essential oils), have been studied with caution to prevent damaging hemidesmosome joints at sulcus base and satisfactory results were obtained (38-40). However, most studies have proposed the use of antiseptics, the effects of topical antibiotic agents, and irrigation with antibiotics as supplementary treatments in mechanical debridement (41-43). The important point is that, studies have reported some significant advantages regarding the use of such agents in reducing index plaque. Schar et al. (44) indicated that the effect of nonsurgical treatments by photodyna mic therapy is similar to topical antibiotic; however, removing the whole inflammation has not been seen in treatment methods. Various surgical and synthetic methods were employed for surviving and treating ailing implant, which include debridement, decontamination of implant, and regenerative methods (45-52). Nevertheless, determining the best treatment method is not possible due to the variety of clinical conditions. Peri-implant treatment Peri-implant is considered as one of the main concerns in implant treatment. This obstacle is about peri-implant bone resorption with no looseness. For successful treatment of this problem, dentists must realize the range of bone resorption as their first step. Since the common two-dimensional radiographs have low sensitivity and cannot accurately identify the initial lesions (53), implants prognostic evaluations are limited through these diagnostic methods. On the other hand, the treatment of implants with bone resorption is unpredictable in any way, because the mechanical loading of these implants could endanger the long-lasting success (54). In the cases of bone resorption extending to more than 50% of the length, it is highly recommended to remove the implant and after the reconstruction of hard and soft tissues and obtaining acceptable results, it could be replaced in the area. Although these conditions are treatable by Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR), concerning the conducted re searches in this field to achieve this osseointegration is extremely difficult and unpredictable (55). For implants with less than 50% bone resorption, the case must be evaluated accurately. If the resorption is less than 2 mm, design is administered by nonsurgical methods, which is similar to peri-implant mucositis treatment. Nonsurgical treatments have been evaluated by different strategies (56-64). Mechanical debridement, regardless of the technique type, is not individually useful in removing the lesion and complete halting of peri-implant diseases (56). In other words, conducted studies on dogs, in which suture was the cause of disease, has shown favorable results in the form of reduction in periodontal pathogens (57), as well as improvement in clinical parameters such as probe depth reduction, adhesion improvement, bleeding on probe (58), and plaque index due to mechanical treatment. Synthetic treatments along with systemic antimicrobial (amoxicillin, metronidazole, tetracycline and clindamycin) (59) or topical antimicrobials (61, 62) (tetracycline fibers, minocycline microspheres and chlorhexidine gel) have shown a general reduction in number of pathogens and improvement of clinical parameters (index plaque, pocket depth, adhesion limit, and BOP). Laser is suggested as an alternative to mechanical debridement (64) and encouraging results has been reported; however, there is limited information on functionality, useful dosage, and probable effects on the bone, which indicates further research is needed. Consequently, it is worth mentioning that the obtained improvements is limited to clinical parameters and as published in various numbers of researches, not a single case has received the treatment completely. Accordingly, we cannot treat an advanced peri-implant through only nonsurgical method, expecting successful and predictable results. Exception can be made w hen bone resorption is limited and healing is facilitated by nonsurgical methods. Surgical methods are recommended when the bone resorption is more than 2 mm but has affected less than half of the implant length. Serino and Tutti (65) has stated that the success of surgical treatments in peri-implant diseases is related to the range of initial resorption. The employed peri-implant surgical methods is similar to the applied methods in periodontitis and the basic principles, including the removal of pathogens, are used in all the mentioned issues (25). If the aim of treatment is to preserve the bone, pushing the flap aside, similar to flap with apical position is performable (58). Regarding cases in which bone contour modification is considered, bone surgical methods are recommended. In surgical methods, the basic treating principles are the decontamination of infected implants (25). Nonetheless, retaining the integrity of the implant is a considerable challenge for clinicians. Variou s methods have been introduced for implants debridement. Favorable results were achieved in a study that chemical agents, such as metronidazole gel have been used as a flap (58). Although the range of the obtained bone remodeling is minimum, evidences were presented to prove the functionality of abrasive pumices by electric toothbrushes with rotational motion for the purpose of decontamination (66). The comparison of various debridement and decontamination methods, including Air-power abrasive, citric acid, normal saline, gas impregnated with chlorhexidine, or the combination of these methods, did not illustrate a significant difference in terms of bone regeneration and reintegration (67). According to a case report, using flap surgery ( along with decontamination by hydrogen peroxide ) with systemic antibiotic have caused an improvement in clinical parameter (Bleeding on probing) in long term and also halted the disease (68). Irrespective of implant decontamination methods (the com mon mechanical methods, chemical agents, Air-abrasive, laser, saline, and ultrasonic), flap surgery with implant decontamination is a treatment which improves and subsides inflammation, reconstructs the appropriate bone contour around implant, and halts the bone resorption. Bone respective surgeries around the contaminated implant (such as replacing implant levels, implantoplasty) can be performed along with respective surgeries for contour modification and bone anatomy. The obtained results indicated that, implantoplasty has the potential for more improvement compared to debridement with prescribing antibiotics(49). To provide remission and achieve health status in surrounding implant tissues, reintegration is vital and to reach that in a failing implant, various generative methods have been employed and different graft materials have been used to increase the range of BIC. Graft materials including xenografts, allografts, and alloplasts with/without membrane were used for this purpose (46, 47, 51, 69). These studies have shown the improvement of clinical and radiographic parameters as the reduction of probe depth and filling of lesion. There is no strong evidence in this field to support the usage of membrane, while in cases that membrane is used, its exposition is reported as a relatively common problem (66). Some studies proposed resorbable membranes to prevent exposure effects and reduce re-surgeries for removing non-resorbable membranes (51, 52). Currently, despite the lack of consensus on the privilege of a certain membrane, this is highly recommended. Dentists must carefully examine the c linical condition of patients and adopt the ideal treatment strategy based on the proposed methods. There are various methods to prevent the outbreak of disease around a implant, especially in patients with periodontal records, sensitive to peri-implant diseases, and more susceptible to colonization of pathogens (70-74). However, as long as the patient is in a good state of health and attends the follow-up sessions regularly, the issue is not a definite prescription for dental implants (75, 76). It must be noted that peri-implant soft tissue inflammation is possible, even in patients with no periodontal record as well. Accurate elimination and the removal of remnant infection is a prerequisite treatment, since the remaining teeth can act as a source of periodontal and bacterial pathogens. Early pathologic detection is a significant factor in preventing disease progress and long retention of dental implant health. It is worth mentioning that, the depth of peri-implant probing is not considered as a reliable method to check the health of a peri-implant (77) and radiographic evaluatio ns are important, as well. Therefore, peri-implant probing and probe depth enhancement are related to adhesion loss and bone resorption (78, 79), which could be a suitable method for evaluating the adhesion limit. It must be noted that, the accuracy of evaluation methods is a limitation and also, bitewing and peri-apical radiographs are helpful in this field (80). Consequently, a decision tree has been defined to control peri-implant diseases to be used as a manual (81-83). In order to treat and evaluate the peri-implant problems, long term and periodical clinical and radiograph evaluations, along with their comparison to the criteria are needed. Since peri-implantitis and periodontitis are not curable diseases and relapse is probable, longtime retention periods in patients to control and prevent is the matter of the utmost importance. Conclusion By the increase in number of annual implant replacements, peri-implant diseases has become a challenge. The proposed treatment in this project will be a manual for dentists to confront the issue. To confirm the provided protocols, further studies are required in this field. Conflict of interest: None declared.

Oil Refinery and Norwegian Petroleum Directorate

Chartek 59, marketed the world’s first intumescent epoxy material, is a production from the Apollo Program conducted by NASA, in which spacecraft was tested in every aspect to ensure that the astronauts and the spacecraft themselves can withstand the harsh condition of space and the extremely high temperatures of re-entry into the Earth’s atmosphere. The material is used in the heat shield of the Apollo. When re-entering, the shield will burn because of the high temperature due to friction. However, Chartek chars, dissipates heat through burn-off and creates a protective coating which prevents the heat from penetrating anywhere further than the outer surface of the spacecraft, keeping the inside cabin at a comfortable temperature of 21oC. When exposing to high temperature heat or flame, Chartek expands in volume, acting as an insulating barriers. Although there is not yet any serious fire accident reflecting its quality, Chartek is considered an effective material used in modern fireproofing systems, based on the results of tests on stability, integrity and insulation conducted by the Underwritten Laboratories (UL) and Norwegian Petroleum Directorate (NPD). The following table shows some comparison fire endurance times for various composite panels. The black bar shows 60 minutes for the time endurance of a Chartek-coated panel, which is relatively long. It is constantly improved and recently has been marketed out in form of intumescent paints and foams; its innovations are critical fire-proofing materials in such industrial facilities as oil refineries, petrochemical plants, as well as in commercial infrastructures and such public buildings as schools, hospitals, airports and shopping malls. Chartek and one of its innovations, Interchar, contribute largely to the development of safer workplace and public buildings. In normal condition, Chartek coating provides a resilient and smooth finish to the exposed steel structure. In emergency fire events, the materials offer longer time of fire protection, slowing down the process of collapsing and providing more time for the building occupants to evacuate safely. The use of Chartek in fireproofing systems significantly benefits the economy. The infrastructures are so effectively protected in fire events that the cost of repairing the buildings is greatly reduced. The material also acts as a corrosion protection layer, increasing the durability of the inner material, which can save a great deal of money on maintaining the buildings in good condition. In addition, human damage and injury payment can be considerably cut down since the workplace is much safer. Some of Chartek innovations, such as Chartek 3, Chartek 7 and Chartek 1709, are used in the fire-proofing systems of offshore structures as in the oil refinery platform of Norwegian Petroleum Directorate and Caltex Lytton refinery in Brisbane, Australia.

Morally responsible group member

What do groups need in order for them to attain efficiency and productivity? Well, there are a lot of things that could contribute for the attainment of efficiency and productivity. The following are the possible key factors that could contribute for any group to have the optimal level of efficiency and productivity. Sense of responsibility is one of the few aspects in the personality of each and every one of us that must be inculcated in our minds for it encompasses almost all of the positive characteristics that we do in the workplace or even in our everyday activity. Especially working in groups, responsibility calls for doing at least your part or role in the group, with this, effectiveness and efficiency is not far from being experienced by the group. Moreover, when we say responsibility in the workplace it dies not only pertains to self responsibility but also the responsibility of one member to its co-members and the entire group as a whole. By thinking the welfare of each and every member of the group, it would be beneficial to them since they were already going to attain the optimal productivity level that they could reach. Teamwork is another important factor in achieving the highest productivity of any group. Through teamwork, each member uses the ability of their co-members in order for them to come up with an output that is of good quality and condition as compared to when they did not have any teamwork at all. Having teamwork would also picture the kind of personality that each member of the group or organization has. Members of a group that has teamwork have the personality of accepting their own limitation and depend on the skills of their teammate for them to finish their task. Teamwork is very hard to develop in the work palace especially in an organization that has a diversity of culture and personality. This requires great period of time to be developed and only through constant working together is the only way to build up teamwork. It cannot exist in an instant, and cannot be rushed. This is the reason why teamwork is seldom to occur in various organizations and groups that have diverse members. Another factor that contributes to the attainment of optimal productivity and efficiency is the cooperation of every team members is the cooperative orientation of every group members. When we speak of a cooperative orientation we are talking to an individual that is dependent to skills of other members of the group to attain success, productivity and efficiency. Cooperation is attained if the members work hand in hand with their team members and together perform the jobs that they are assigned to them. A person that is a cooperative oriented one is more productive, efficient and successful among the type of person that have already mentioned above for they have the ability to help one another and reinforce the identities of other group members as well as open for the influence of their group members. In short they are open not only to finish their job but also to learn from one another since they are willing to be influenced by their other team members (Suleiman, 2004). There are still other factors that can be raised to support the said claim that cooperative individuals are the most successful and productive one among the characteristics that have mentioned above like, they could also detect and correct the errors in reasoning that they have committed along the way. Moreover, they could also think clearly since they are relaxed from the set up that they have- that they have their own uniqueness inside of them. Everyone is appreciated and these motivate them from performing good in every task that were assigned to them. Transfer of messages is also not a problem to a group that is a cooperative one for they can interpret the messages accurately since they have already this â€Å"special closeness† to one another due to the appreciation of each and every members of the group. Furthermore, cooperative persons take the entire task as a challenge and not as a burden. This promotes for the person to strive hard in order to come up with the best result that they could as compared to a person who treats tasks as a burden who only give what is enough to accomplish the job assigned to them. Cooperative individuals also have good working relationship with one another since they value the significance of one another and accept the limitations that they have. What group members must not develop is the sense of being individualistic for it only promotes self interest and attains less productivity and efficiency. Individualists rely only to their own skills and believing that it would be enough to finish the task that is assigned to the group. They are always after their personal agendas and welfare. They care less on the condition of the entire group and what is the most important to them is to improve their condition regardless of what might happened to the organization if they remain into their kind of mentality. People who are individualistic do not have any notion of appreciating the significance of other member so the group and this eventually lead to miscommunication and affects the intern relationship of the group members. If this left untreated internal conflict might rise and the entire group and organization will be perished at the end of the day. Based from the given sets of possible characteristics of a person must posses in order for them to be morally responsible group member it is a must for them to keep in mind that it is important for the members of the group to aim for the welfare of the entire group and to appreciate the significance of their group members in order for them to build good working relationship with one another and to set harmonious working environment to make them relax and comfortable in working to the organization. The more the individuals value the importance of striving for their best the more they become closer in attaining success. At this point, I just want to stress out that individualisms must be avoided by most of us especially when working in groups. This can only be appropriate in an organization where people work individually or the nature of their job needs to rely only to their own skills like writing and painting. More or less, we still should develop the sense of cooperating with one another for it is the best way of achieving things. REFERENCES Suleiman, R. (2004). Contemporary psychological research on social dilemmas. Cambridge, UK ; New York: Cambridge University Press.   

Business Marketing - 1063 Words

Chapter 7 LO1. There are four major trends that have influenced world trade and global marketing . first one is decline of economic protectionism , is the practice of shielding one or more industries within a country’s economy from foreign competition through the use of tariffs or quotas . Second is rise of economic integration , just like creation of the European Union and the North American Free Trade Agreement . Third , there exists global competition among global companies for global consumers , resulting in firms adopting global marketing strategies and promoting global brands . And finally , is the emergence of a networked global marketspace has emerged using internet technology as a tool for exchanging goods , services , and†¦show more content†¦Step 4 is develop findings from the marketing research data collected . This involved analyze the data and present the findings of the research . The last step is take marketing actions , which involves implement the action rec ommendations , evaluate the results . LO3. Secondary data have already been recorded before the start of the project and consist of two parts : internal secondary data , which originate from within the organization , such as sales reports and customer comments , and external secondary data , which are created y other organizations , such as the U.S. Census Bureau , or business and trade publications , Primary data are collected specifically for the project and are obtained by either observing or questioning people . LO4. Marketing researchers observe people in various ways , such as electronically using Nielsen people meters to measure TV viewing behavior or personally using mystery shoppers or ethnographic techniques . A recent electronic innovation is neuromarketing --useing high-tech brain scanning to record the responses of a consumer’s brain to marketing stimuli like packages or TV ads . Questionnaires involve asking people questions in person using interviews or focus groups or via a questionnaire using a telephone, fax , print, e-mail , or internet survey . Panels involve a sample of consumers or stores that areShow MoreRelatedBusiness to Business Marketing3529 Words   |  15 Pages BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS MARKETING Analysing Marketing Issues for Hewitt Associates INTRODUCTION Business-to-Business (B2B) marketing is a discipline in its own right and one of the fastest developing fields of marketing. A business-to-business marketing organisation focuses on relationship building and communication through marketing activities. Nowadays, focus of marketing has shifted from tangible things to intangibles things like skills, information and knowledge. Business-to-business marketersRead MoreMarketing in Business660 Words   |  3 PagesThe importance of Marketing in Business February 19, 2013 In the following paragraphs the definitions of marketing will be developed in accordance to different sources. The importance of a strong marketing department to drive successful business will be discussed relaying in real life examples from MGM International strategiesRead MoreBusiness Marketing1484 Words   |  6 Pagescommunication techniques that could be used to form and change attitudes of cars’ young buyers toward the Yaris. The communication techniques that could be used to form and change attitudes of cars’ young buyers toward the Yaris are advertising, Internet marketing and promotions. * Advertising is providing financial means to social media for the space and time on broadcasts to reach more audiences, promote and create compilling messages about a product in order to attract customers attention. Toyota couldRead MoreMarketing Strategies For Business Marketing894 Words   |  4 Pagesproducts is considered to be a business-to-business model. (What is business-to-business (B2B)?, 2016) These types of businesses have distinct differences from business-to-customer companies that raise multiple marketing hurdles to jump. Some of these differences include longer sales cycles, more complex products or services, few identifiable buyers, less buyer research, and different channels for marketing strategies to use. (What Makes Business-to-Business Marketing Different?, 2016). These problemsRead MoreBusiness For Business Service Marketing1453 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness to Business Service Marketing Executive summary The following report will give a description of the music industry and the good and the bad aspects of spotify. We will then analyze how Spotify can outcome the risks it faces and future goals it could take in continuing our success in the online music streaming business. Through using of the marketing mix the gaps model and CRM we can closely identify the key features for Spotify s improvement both in the digital service market butRead MoreContent Marketing For Business Marketing2331 Words   |  10 PagesContent Marketing Definition. Content marketing, especially in the business to business marketing environment, is a relatively new term and concept. A common definition that has been used to describe content marketing came from Joe Pulizzi the founder of the Content Marketing Institute. Pulizzi defines content marketing as â€Å"the marketing and business process used to create and distribute relevant and valuable content to a target audience.† The process should attract, acquire and engage the audienceRead MoreMarketing : Marketing And Business Communication3688 Words   |  15 Pages Literature Review Marketing and Business Communication Submitted by: Group â€Å"I† Mayra Geovanna Araujo (201500744) Parminder Kaur Ottal (201502018) Oscar Navarrete (201402939) Angie Vivian Montana Londono (201401564) Bhim Prasad Paudel (201402272) Submitted to: Dr. Grace Phanathiroj 1. Introduction Every organisation large and small, government, commercial, educational, charities and others need to communicate with a range of stakeholders. This is because they need to getRead MoreBusiness Analysis : Business Marketing2277 Words   |  10 PagesBusiness-to-Business Marketing To understand the overall concept of business-to-business marketing, it is significant to look into the value chain, which begins with a customer demand or need for the product or service. Taking an example of a shirt that someone can buy from the shop, business traders have sold the raw cotton to a business that performs the spinning, the spinning business then sells the spanned cotton to a weaver who then sells it to a garment maker until when the final product reachesRead MoreBusiness Marketing Management : Business Management1077 Words   |  5 PagesAmanda Gross Ms. Jessica Madinger Comp 101 C 9 November 2015 Business Marketing Management Outline Business has several majors to seek, such as: Accounting, Economics, Administration, Marketing, International business, Entrepreneurship, and lastly Management. A business degree has many of opportunities. This paper is going to specifically focus on Management which you can get a minor in marketing, which would be called marketing management. Management has several classes to can take, and severalRead MoreMarketing Is The Success Of A Business917 Words   |  4 Pagesvisit consistently, and value it at a level which coordinates the quality they understand they get of it; and do all at a time they will all want to purchase it. At that point you have it made! (Toolkit.smallbiz.nsw.gov.au, 2015)Marketing is integral to the success of a business, large or small, with its primary focus on quality, consumer value and customer satisfaction. There s a great deal of truth in this thought. In any case, a great deal of diligent work needs to go into figuring out what clients